Natural selection in relation to complexity

Area of Science:

• Evolutionary biology
• Systems theory
• Theoretical biology

Background:

• Dissipative structures present challenges in understanding natural systems.
• Current neo-Darwinian theory faces limitations in explaining the evolution of complex traits and functions.
• Genetic algorithms exemplify the mechanistic concept of natural selection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the capacity of natural selection theory to explain increases in structural complexity.
• To address the limitations of current evolutionary models in accounting for multi-trait evolution.
• To explore alternative perspectives on selection's role in early life history stages.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual analysis of natural selection theory.
• Comparison with genetic algorithms and soft selection models.
• Examination of evolutionary mechanisms for complex systems.

Main Results:

• Neo-Darwinian theory cannot account for trait evolution when multiple functions are subject to independent fitness.
• Soft selection models complex systems but not the evolution of specific traits.
• Selection is likely a weak force in early generative stages, preserving generativity.

Conclusions:

• Natural selection theory alone is insufficient to explain the evolution of structural complexity.
• A revised understanding of evolutionary mechanisms is needed for complex systems.
• Generativity in early life histories is preserved by weak selective pressures.