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Updated: Jul 3, 2026
05:25
Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
Published on: August 14, 2019
Female voiding dysfunction
Stergios K Doumouchtsis1, Stephen Jeffery, Michelle Fynes
1Department of Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery and Urogynaecology, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. sdoum@yahoo.com
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
|July 18, 2008
Summary
Female voiding dysfunction, often due to detrusor hypotonia, affects many women. Diagnosis involves history, examination, and tests like uroflowmetry, with treatments including catheterization and bladder retraining.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Female Pelvic Medicine
Background:
- Female voiding dysfunction (FVD) unrelated to childbirth is a prevalent condition.
- Etiologies include detrusor hypotonia, bladder outlet obstruction, and various iatrogenic, inflammatory, neurogenic, and psychogenic factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the clinical assessment and diagnostic workup for FVD.
- To review current management strategies for FVD.
Main Methods:
- Clinical assessment involves comprehensive history and physical examination.
- Diagnostic investigations include urine microbiology, frequency-volume charts, ultrasound, uroflowmetry, and potentially cystometry, EMG, and cystourethroscopy.
Main Results:
- Common causes of FVD are detrusor hypotonia and bladder outlet obstruction.
- A systematic diagnostic approach is crucial for identifying the underlying cause.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of FVD relies on accurate diagnosis through thorough evaluation and appropriate investigations.
- Treatment options range from conservative measures like bladder retraining and catheterization to more invasive procedures like sacral neuromodulation.
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