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Related Concept Videos

The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Comprehensive Profiling of Dopamine Regulation in Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area
09:54

Comprehensive Profiling of Dopamine Regulation in Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area

Published on: August 10, 2012

Synapses in the rat substantia nigra.

R L Gulley1, M Smithberg

  • 1Department of Anatomy, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Tissue & Cell
|January 1, 1971
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified four unique synaptic bouton types in the rat substantia nigra using electron microscopy. This classification advances understanding of the substantia nigra

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Electron Microscopy

Background:

  • The substantia nigra is crucial for motor control and contains complex neuronal circuitry.
  • Understanding the specific inputs to the substantia nigra is key to deciphering its function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the morphological diversity of synaptic inputs to the rat substantia nigra.
  • To correlate synaptic bouton types with known neurochemical inputs.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution electron microscopy was employed to examine synaptic structures.
  • Synaptic boutons were classified based on vesicle size, density, and morphology.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct synaptic bouton types were identified based on vesicle characteristics.

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  • Type 1: small, clear vesicles. Type 2: small, clear and large, dense-core vesicles. Type 3: large, dense-core and larger, clear vesicles. Type 4: elongated, clear vesicles on axon hillocks and terminals.

    • Conclusions:

    • The morphological classification provides a framework for understanding the functional organization of substantia nigra inputs.
    • These distinct bouton types likely represent different neurotransmitter systems and projection origins.