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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using ¹⁸F-FDG PET

Published on: April 28, 2013

Cancers after renal transplantation.

Germaine Wong¹, Jeremy R Chapman

¹NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Renal Medicine, Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. germainw@chw.edu.au

Transplantation Reviews (Orlando, Fla.)

|July 18, 2008

Summary

Kidney transplant recipients face a significantly higher cancer risk due to immunosuppression. Further research is needed on cancer screening, treatment, and outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Oncology
Immunology

Background:

Kidney transplantation improves survival for end-stage renal disease but increases cancer risk.
Cancer is a leading cause of death in renal transplant recipients, second only to cardiovascular disease.
Immunosuppressive therapy alters immune function, contributing to a 3- to 5-fold increase in overall cancer incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the incidence, etiology, prognosis, and management of cancer post-kidney transplantation.
To discuss the impact of immunosuppressive agents on cancer risk and outcomes.
To highlight uncertainties in cancer screening and treatment strategies for renal transplant recipients.

Main Methods:

Literature review of observational studies and registry data.

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Analysis of cancer incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.

Discussion of current and emerging immunosuppressive agents and their oncogenic potential.

Main Results:

Renal transplant recipients have a substantially increased risk of various cancers, particularly viral-related neoplasia.
Cancers can arise de novo, recur, or be transmitted via donor organs.
The impact of different immunosuppressive drugs on cancer risk and outcomes varies, with newer agents showing potential but requiring further study.

Conclusions:

Cancer is a significant concern following kidney transplantation, necessitating a better understanding of its prognosis and management.
Further research, including long-term trials, is crucial to guide cancer screening, treatment, and the use of immunosuppressive therapies.
Optimizing cancer surveillance and management strategies is essential to improve long-term outcomes for kidney transplant recipients.