Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Reinforcement

Reinforcement

Positive and negative reinforcement are key concepts in operant conditioning, a learning process where the consequences of a behavior affect the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, increasing the frequency of that behavior. For example:

Reinforcement Schedules

Reinforcement Schedules

Positive reinforcement is a powerful method for teaching new behaviors to both animals and humans. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments using rats in a Skinner box. When a rat pressed a lever, it received a food pellet. This immediate reward encouraged the rat to repeat the behavior. This method, where a reward follows every instance of the behavior, is known as continuous reinforcement. It is highly effective for establishing new behaviors quickly.
Once a behavior is learned,...

Observational Learning

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...

State Space Representation

State Space Representation

The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...

Associative Learning

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Sleep Rhythmicity as a Core Domain of Multidimensional Sleep Health Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Older Men.

Nature and science of sleep·2026

Same author

Peripheral and central vestibular neuromodulation improve postural control in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized, sham-controlled, multi-arm intervention study.

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation·2026

Same author

scCCVGBen for benchmarking of single-cell representation learning anchored on a centroid-coupled variational graph attention autoencoder across scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq.

Frontiers in genetics·2026

Same author

A Quantum Self-Attention Neural Network Model on Quantum Circuits.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026

Same author

Reduced HAV IgG Seropositivity Among Unvaccinated People Living with HIV: The Weak Shield.

Tropical medicine and infectious disease·2026

Same author

Immunosuppression, resistance burden, and qSOFA on short-term prognosis and difficult clearance in hospitalized patients with Salmonella infection: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

BMC infectious diseases·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Incoherent control of quantum systems with wavefunction-controllable subspaces via quantum reinforcement learning.

Daoyi Dong¹, Chunlin Chen, Tzyh-Jong Tarn

¹Institute of Systems Science, AMSS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. dydong@amss.ac.cn

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics : a Publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society

|July 18, 2008

Summary

This study introduces an incoherent control scheme for quantum systems. It uses projective measurement and quantum reinforcement learning to achieve state control, even for unknown initial states.

More Related Videos

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

WheelCon: A Wheel Control-Based Gaming Platform for Studying Human Sensorimotor Control

Published on: August 15, 2020

Area of Science:

Quantum Physics
Quantum Control

Background:

Controlling quantum systems is crucial for quantum technologies.
Existing methods often rely on unitary evolution, limiting applicability.
Incoherent control offers an alternative approach.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose an incoherent control scheme for quantum systems with wavefunction-controllable subspaces.
To enable state control even when initial states are unknown.
To provide a flexible quantum engineering strategy.

Main Methods:

A two-step scheme involving projective measurement and learning control.
Probabilistic projection of the initial state into a controllable subspace.
Quantum reinforcement learning to find optimal control sequences.

Main Results:

The scheme successfully achieves state control for a class of quantum systems.
Projective measurement enhances control probability through repeated experiments.
The method accommodates unknown initial states and non-unitary controllability.

Conclusions:

The proposed incoherent control scheme is an effective alternative for quantum state control.
It expands the toolkit for quantum engineering, particularly for locally controllable systems.
The integration of quantum measurement and reinforcement learning offers novel control pathways.