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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
Published on: May 23, 2025
[Pharmacotherapy of central oculomotor disorders]
1Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum Grosshadern Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München. Roger.Kalla@med.uni-muenchen.de
Abstract:
Nystagmus causes blurred vision due to oscillopsia, as well as impaired balance. Depending on etiology, additional cerebellar and brain stem signs may occur. We present the current pharmacotherapy of the most common forms of central nystagmus: downbeat nystagmus (DBN), upbeat nystagmus (UBN), acquired pendular nystagmus (APN), and congenital nystagmus (CGN). Recommended medical therapies are aminopyridines (4-AP) for DBN and UBN, gabapentin and memantine for CGN and APN, and baclofen for periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN).
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