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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Published on: September 18, 2012

Simulation trouble.

Shaun Gallagher¹

¹Philosophy and Cognitive Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. gallaghr@mail.ucf.edu

Social Neuroscience

|July 18, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Simulation theory for understanding others is challenged by logical and developmental evidence. Implicit simulation, or neural resonance, also fails to explain key aspects of intersubjective understanding, suggesting alternative interpretations are needed.

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Area of Science:

Philosophy of Mind
Cognitive Science
Neuroscience

Background:

Simulation theory proposes that understanding others' mental states involves simulating them internally.
Both explicit (conscious) and implicit (subpersonal) simulation have been posited as mechanisms for intersubjective understanding.
Neural resonance systems, such as mirror neurons, are often linked to implicit simulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically evaluate the viability of both explicit and implicit simulation theories for intersubjective understanding.
To examine the explanatory limitations of simulation theory regarding instrumentality, pretense, and attributing differing mental states.
To propose an alternative interpretation of neural resonance systems in social cognition.

Main Methods:

Philosophical argumentation drawing on logical, developmental, and phenomenological evidence.
Conceptual analysis of the requirements for successful simulation in understanding others.
Critique of the explanatory scope of neural resonance systems within the simulationist framework.

Main Results:

Explicit simulation is unlikely to be the pervasive or default mechanism for understanding others.
Implicit simulation, identified with neural resonance, does not meet the theoretical requirements of simulation theory.
Neural resonance systems fail to adequately explain pretense, instrumentality, and the attribution of distinct mental states.

Conclusions:

Simulation theory, in both its explicit and implicit forms, faces significant conceptual challenges in explaining intersubjective understanding.
The explanatory power of neural resonance systems is limited when viewed through the lens of simulation theory.
An alternative framework for understanding neural resonance systems in social cognition is suggested.