Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

Biological Methods for Microbial Control

Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis01:23

Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis

Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retraction notice to "A mechanistic overview on green assisted formulation of nanocomposites and their multifunctional role in biomedical applications" [Heliyon 11 (2025) e41654].

Heliyon·2025
Same author

A mechanistic overview on green assisted formulation of nanocomposites and their multifunctional role in biomedical applications.

Heliyon·2025
Same author

Folklore use of medicinal plants for the treatment of gynecological diseases in Pakistan-a review.

Heliyon·2024
Same author

Aflatoxins in Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>): Prevalence, Global Health Concern, and Management from an Innovative Nanotechnology Approach: A Mechanistic Repertoire and Future Direction.

ACS omega·2024
Same author

Molecular Characterization of Wild and Cultivated Strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i>) through DNA Barcode Markers.

Genetics research·2022
Same author

Plant-Based Bimetallic Silver-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Perspective of Synthesis, Biomedical Applications, and Future Trends.

BioMed research international·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Platform of Anti-biofilm Assays Suited to the Exploration of Natural Compound Libraries
09:39

A Platform of Anti-biofilm Assays Suited to the Exploration of Natural Compound Libraries

Published on: December 27, 2016

Proanthocyanidins: target compounds as antibacterial agents.

Robert Mayer1, Guenther Stecher, Reinhard Wuerzner

  • 1Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|July 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Grape seed extracts show significant antibacterial activity against various pathogens. Specific proanthocyanidins and gallate esters were identified as key active compounds, offering potential for natural antimicrobial development.

More Related Videos

Extraction and Purification of Polyphenols from Freeze-dried Berry Powder for the Treatment of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro
12:00

Extraction and Purification of Polyphenols from Freeze-dried Berry Powder for the Treatment of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro

Published on: July 5, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Platform of Anti-biofilm Assays Suited to the Exploration of Natural Compound Libraries
09:39

A Platform of Anti-biofilm Assays Suited to the Exploration of Natural Compound Libraries

Published on: December 27, 2016

Extraction and Purification of Polyphenols from Freeze-dried Berry Powder for the Treatment of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro
12:00

Extraction and Purification of Polyphenols from Freeze-dried Berry Powder for the Treatment of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro

Published on: July 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Pharmacology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Grape seeds, a wine production byproduct, are a low-cost source of bioactive compounds.
  • Previous studies on grape seed antibacterial activity show conflicting results.
  • There is a need for detailed characterization of active components and their efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the antibacterial activity of grape seed extracts.
  • To chromatographically characterize the active fractions responsible for antibacterial effects.
  • To optimize extraction methods for enhanced preconcentration efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for optimized preconcentration.
  • High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) for component identification.
  • Antibacterial screening tests against 10 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains.

Main Results:

  • MAE yielded extracts with high preconcentration efficiency.
  • Proanthocyanidins and some glycosides were identified in the extracts.
  • Specific proanthocyanidins (P2, P3, P4) and gallate esters (P2G, P3G) showed potent antibacterial activity.
  • Monomeric flavonoid fractions exhibited only moderate antibacterial effects.

Conclusions:

  • Grape seed extracts possess significant antibacterial properties against a range of bacteria.
  • Proanthocyanidins and their gallate esters are the primary contributors to this activity.
  • These findings support the development of grape seed-derived antimicrobials.