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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
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Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Active ERK in the C. elegans Germline
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Protein kinase Cepsilon: function in neurons.

Yasuhito Shirai1, Naoko Adachi, Naoaki Saito

  • 1Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan. shirai@kobe-u.ac.jp <shirai@kobe-u.ac.jp>

The FEBS Journal
|July 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Protein kinase Cepsilon plays a key role in the nervous system, influencing functions like neurotransmitter release and ion channel regulation. This review explores its specific involvement in neurite outgrowth, presynaptic regulation, alcohol effects, and pain pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) exhibits high expression in the brain, indicating significant neural functions.
  • Previous studies identified PKCepsilon's roles in neurotransmitter release and ion channel regulation using knockout models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of Protein kinase Cepsilon in the central nervous system.
  • To highlight PKCepsilon's involvement in key neurological processes and conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating Protein kinase Cepsilon in neural functions.
  • Analysis of data from PKCepsilon knockout mouse models to understand its specific contributions.
  • Synthesis of findings related to neurite outgrowth, presynaptic regulation, alcohol actions, ischemic preconditioning, and pain.

Main Results:

  • PKCepsilon is crucial for neurite outgrowth and neuronal development.
  • It modulates presynaptic function, impacting neurotransmitter release dynamics.
  • PKCepsilon influences the central nervous system's response to alcohol and ischemic events.
  • The enzyme plays a significant role in the modulation of pain signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Protein kinase Cepsilon is a critical regulator of diverse neural functions, from development to response to injury and external stimuli.
  • Understanding PKCepsilon's roles provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for neurological disorders, alcohol-related conditions, and pain management.