Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A lipid cue drives the subcellular localization of a self-inserting bacterial transmembrane protein.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The LARP1 RRM functions as a ribosome responsive regulator of TOP mRNAs.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

THEMIS: new insights into its evolution, structure, and function.

Trends in immunology·2026
Same author

Genomic epidemiology of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Campylobacter</i> in poultry production: Quantifying the contribution of primary breeders.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Systematic identification of Salmonella T6SS effectors uncovers diverse new families and lipid-targeting activities.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

Beyond Euglycemia: Case Studies Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Elite Athletes Without Diabetes During Record Athletic Events.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Globins in the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii shed new light on hemoglobin evolution in bilaterians.

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
Same journal

Is there any intron sliding in mammals?

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
Same journal

The evolution of the huntingtin-associated protein 40 (HAP40) in conjunction with huntingtin.

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
Same journal

You don't have the guts: a diverse set of fungi survive passage through Macrotermes bellicosus termite guts.

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
Same journal

Mitochondrial DNAs provide insight into trypanosome phylogeny and molecular evolution.

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
Same journal

Stress-related changes in leukocyte profiles and telomere shortening in the shortest-lived tetrapod, Furcifer labordi.

BMC evolutionary biology·2020
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Creating and Applying a Reference to Facilitate the Discussion and Classification of Proteins in a Diverse Group
07:49

Creating and Applying a Reference to Facilitate the Discussion and Classification of Proteins in a Diverse Group

Published on: August 16, 2017

Differences in evolutionary pressure acting within highly conserved ortholog groups.

Teresa M Przytycka1, Raja Jothi, L Aravind

  • 1National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. przytyck@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

BMC Evolutionary Biology
|July 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary pressure varies for informational proteins (translation, transcription) versus non-informational proteins (metabolism). Informational proteins show lineage-specific selection, while non-informational proteins experience uniform evolutionary pressure.

More Related Videos

Optimization of Synthetic Proteins: Identification of Interpositional Dependencies Indicating Structurally and/or Functionally Linked Residues
07:08

Optimization of Synthetic Proteins: Identification of Interpositional Dependencies Indicating Structurally and/or Functionally Linked Residues

Published on: July 14, 2015

Adaptation at the Extremes of Life: Experimental Evolution with the Extremophile Archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
08:11

Adaptation at the Extremes of Life: Experimental Evolution with the Extremophile Archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Published on: June 14, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Creating and Applying a Reference to Facilitate the Discussion and Classification of Proteins in a Diverse Group
07:49

Creating and Applying a Reference to Facilitate the Discussion and Classification of Proteins in a Diverse Group

Published on: August 16, 2017

Optimization of Synthetic Proteins: Identification of Interpositional Dependencies Indicating Structurally and/or Functionally Linked Residues
07:08

Optimization of Synthetic Proteins: Identification of Interpositional Dependencies Indicating Structurally and/or Functionally Linked Residues

Published on: July 14, 2015

Adaptation at the Extremes of Life: Experimental Evolution with the Extremophile Archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
08:11

Adaptation at the Extremes of Life: Experimental Evolution with the Extremophile Archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Published on: June 14, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Highly conserved ortholog groups are typically shaped by purifying selection.
  • Divergence is often attributed to neutral substitutions.
  • The study investigates if evolutionary pressure varies across prokaryotic lineages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if evolutionary pressure acts uniformly on different ortholog subgroups across major prokaryotic lineages.
  • To differentiate evolutionary pressures on informational versus non-informational proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized entropy measures as a proxy for evolutionary pressure.
  • Analyzed ortholog groups from prokaryotes, with single representatives per organism.
  • Correlated entropy profiles across different major lineages (e.g., Proteobacteria, Firmicutes).

Main Results:

  • Identified two distinct ortholog subsets: informational (e.g., translation, replication) and non-informational (metabolic pathways).
  • Non-informational proteins exhibited more uniform evolutionary pressure across subgroups.
  • Informational proteins displayed lower correlation in entropy profiles, indicating non-uniform pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Informational ortholog groups experience non-uniform evolutionary pressure, suggesting lineage-specific 'fine-tuning'.
  • This fine-tuning may reduce the exchangeability of informational proteins between lineages.
  • Uniform selective pressure on non-informational groups may facilitate lateral gene transfer.