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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
09:32

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: October 15, 2021

HLA class II DP epitopes.

Chun-Tsan Deng1, Junchao Cai, Miyuki Ozawa

  • 1One Lambda Inc., Canoga Park, CA., USA.

Clinical Transplants
|July 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified five new epitopes on the DPB1 peptide chain of HLA-DP molecules. A single antibody demonstrated reactivity to multiple HLA-DP specificities, confirming shared epitopes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex
  • Molecular immunology

Background:

  • Class II HLA-DP heterodimers consist of polymorphic alpha (DPA1) and beta (DPB1) peptide chains.
  • Understanding HLA-DP polymorphism is crucial for immune response studies and transplantation.
  • Epitope identification on HLA molecules aids in characterizing antibody specificities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel epitopes on the DPB1 chain of HLA-DP molecules.
  • To define the specific amino acid sequences responsible for these epitopes.
  • To demonstrate the reactivity of antibodies against shared epitopes among different DPB1 alleles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized DPB1 alleles on single antigen beads for antibody reaction pattern analysis.

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Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
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Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

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Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
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Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
09:32

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: October 15, 2021

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
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Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

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Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

  • Defined epitopes by identifying unique amino acid residues shared by antibody-positive antigens.
  • Employed antibody absorption and elution techniques to confirm epitope specificity.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified five novel DPB1 epitopes, proposed as #4001-4005.
    • Defined unique amino acid sequences for each epitope, including DEAV at positions 84-87 for #4001.
    • Demonstrated that a single antibody to epitope #4001 reacted with multiple DPB1 alleles (e.g., DPB1*01, 03, 05, 09, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19).

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully identified and characterized five new DPB1 epitopes.
    • These findings highlight the presence of shared epitopes across various HLA-DPB1 alleles.
    • The results confirm that a single antibody can recognize a common epitope present on multiple HLA-DP molecules.