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Related Concept Videos

Desmosomes01:05

Desmosomes

The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein complexes comprising desmosomal...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Peptic Ulcer

Peptic ulcers are erosive lesions of the gastric or duodenal lining, most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This Gram-negative, helical bacterium has adapted to survive the stomach’s acidic environment by producing urease, which converts urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia neutralizes gastric acid in the bacterium’s immediate environment, allowing colonization of the gastric mucosa. H. pylori attaches to mucus-secreting epithelial cells, penetrates the mucus...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Pemphigus.

D Ioannides1, E Lazaridou, D Rigopoulos

  • 1Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece. dem@auth.gr

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
|July 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pemphigus is a serious autoimmune skin disease causing blisters due to antibodies attacking skin cells. Current treatments include corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, but safer therapies are needed.

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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Autoimmunology
  • Immunopathology

Background:

  • Pemphigus is a group of potentially life-threatening autoimmune diseases affecting the skin and mucous membranes.
  • It is characterized by blister formation and erosions resulting from an autoimmune attack on keratinocyte adhesion molecules.
  • Variations in targeted antigens and their distribution lead to diverse clinical presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of pemphigus, including its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the role of autoimmune processes against keratinocyte desmosomal cadherins.
  • To discuss current therapeutic strategies and the need for less toxic treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation (blisters, erosions), histological findings (acantholysis), and immunological tests (antibody detection).
  • Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and autoantibody production for disease remission.
  • Therapeutic options include systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis.

Main Results:

  • Systemic corticosteroids remain the primary treatment for pemphigus.
  • Adjuvant immunosuppressants enhance efficacy and enable a steroid-sparing effect, reducing side effects.
  • Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis are alternative treatment options.

Conclusions:

  • Pemphigus is a severe autoimmune blistering disease requiring comprehensive diagnostic criteria.
  • Current treatments focus on immunosuppression, with corticosteroids as the mainstay.
  • Further research is essential to develop pemphigus treatments with improved safety profiles and reduced toxicity.