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Biotransformation of halogenated compounds.

D J Hardman1

  • 1International Institute of Biotechnology, Canterbury, Kent, UK.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

This review covers microbial dehalogenation of toxic halogenated compounds, focusing on biocatalytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds. It explores applications in synthesizing novel compounds and degrading environmental pollutants.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Halogenated substances are widespread environmental contaminants with toxic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic properties.
  • Concerns exist regarding the environmental persistence and adverse health effects of these xenobiotic compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biotransformations of halogenated substances, emphasizing microbial dehalogenation.
  • To discuss the physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of organisms involved in dehalogenation.
  • To explore biotechnological applications of microbial dehalogenation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of microbial dehalogenation pathways.
  • Analysis of dehalogenation mechanisms for haloacids, haloaromatics, and haloalkanes.
  • Discussion of genetic and biochemical aspects of dehalogenating microorganisms.

Main Results:

  • Microbial dehalogenation involves the biocatalytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds.
  • Specific dehalogenation pathways exist for different classes of organohalogens (haloacids, haloaromatics, haloalkanes).
  • The underlying physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of these processes are complex and varied.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial dehalogenation offers promising avenues for environmental remediation and pollutant detoxification.
  • Biotechnological applications include the synthesis of halogenated intermediates and novel compounds.
  • Further research into microbial dehalogenation can lead to advanced bioremediation strategies.

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