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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous overlap of p...
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.
NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds01:14

NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range. Consider...

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RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-pentylcyclopentan-1-one, CAS Registry Number 4819-67-4.

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Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals
14:59

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Published on: February 13, 2021

Fragrance material review on terpineol.

S P Bhatia1, D McGinty, R J Foxenberg

  • 1Research Institute for Fragrance Materials Inc., Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA. sbhatia@rifm.org

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
|July 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This review examines the toxicologic and dermatologic effects of terpineol, a common fragrance ingredient. It provides a comprehensive safety assessment for its use in consumer products.

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Published on: December 10, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Dermatology
  • Fragrance Chemistry

Background:

  • Terpineol is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol widely utilized as a fragrance ingredient in various consumer products.
  • Understanding its toxicologic and dermatologic profile is crucial for ensuring consumer safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive toxicologic and dermatologic review of terpineol.
  • To evaluate the safety of terpineol when used as a fragrance ingredient.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing toxicologic and dermatologic studies on terpineol.
  • Analysis of safety data related to terpineol's application in fragrances.

Main Results:

  • Terpineol exhibits a generally favorable toxicologic profile at typical usage concentrations.
  • Dermatologic assessments indicate low potential for skin irritation and sensitization.

Conclusions:

  • Terpineol is considered safe for use as a fragrance ingredient based on current toxicologic and dermatologic data.
  • Further research may be warranted for specific exposure scenarios or sensitive populations.