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Inflammation

Inflammation

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

In vivo Near Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Plaque, a Multimodal Approach to Imaging of Atherosclerosis

In vivo Near Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Plaque, a Multimodal Approach to Imaging of Atherosclerosis

Published on: August 4, 2011

Imaging atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.

James H F Rudd¹, Zahi A Fayad

¹Cardiovascular Medicine at Cambridge University and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. jhfr2@cam.ac.uk

Nature Clinical Practice. Cardiovascular Medicine

|July 25, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation drives atherosclerotic plaque rupture, leading to heart attack and stroke. New imaging methods like CT, MRI, and nuclear imaging show promise for assessing plaque inflammation, unlike current angiography and ultrasound.

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In vivo Near Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Plaque, a Multimodal Approach to Imaging of Atherosclerosis

In vivo Near Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Plaque, a Multimodal Approach to Imaging of Atherosclerosis

Published on: August 4, 2011

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A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Imaging
Biomedical Engineering
Radiology

Background:

Atherosclerotic plaque inflammation is a key factor in plaque rupture.
Ruptured plaques cause major clinical events like myocardial infarction and stroke.
Current imaging (angiography, ultrasound) assesses plaque narrowing but not inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advanced imaging techniques for assessing atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.
To compare the advantages of CT, MRI, and nuclear imaging for clinical application.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on advanced cardiovascular imaging modalities.
Focus on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear imaging.
Evaluation of techniques for detecting and quantifying plaque inflammation.

Main Results:

CT, MRI, and nuclear imaging offer novel approaches to visualize plaque inflammation.
Each modality presents unique advantages in terms of resolution, molecular targets, and clinical workflow.
These techniques are nearing clinical readiness for evaluating inflammatory atherosclerotic disease.

Conclusions:

Advanced imaging techniques are crucial for understanding and managing atherosclerotic plaque instability.
CT, MRI, and nuclear imaging provide complementary information beyond luminal stenosis.
These methods hold potential to improve risk stratification and guide therapeutic interventions for cardiovascular disease.