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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

A small molecule enhances RNA interference and promotes microRNA processing.

Ge Shan1, Yujing Li, Junliang Zhang

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.

Nature Biotechnology
|July 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Small molecules like enoxacin can enhance the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, boosting siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation and miRNA biogenesis. This discovery opens new avenues for RNAi-based research tools and therapeutics.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression via the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway.
  • While the core components of RNAi are known, its regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether small molecules can modulate the RNAi pathway.
  • To identify specific small molecules that enhance RNAi activity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a cell-based assay to measure RNAi pathway activity.
  • Screening of small molecules for their effect on siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation and miRNA biogenesis.
  • Investigating the molecular mechanism of RNAi enhancement.

Main Results:

  • The small molecule enoxacin (Penetrex) was identified as an enhancer of the RNAi pathway.
  • Enoxacin significantly increased siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation.
  • Enoxacin promoted the biogenesis of endogenous miRNAs.
  • The RNAi-enhancing effect of enoxacin was dependent on the trans-activation-responsive region RNA-binding protein.

Conclusions:

  • Small molecules can effectively modulate the RNAi pathway intracellularly.
  • Enoxacin serves as a proof-of-principle for small-molecule RNAi enhancement.
  • RNAi enhancers hold potential as valuable research tools and therapeutic agents.