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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage. When...

Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization

Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization

Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

[Quantitative cardiotocography].

B Atanasov, P Ignatov

Akusherstvo I Ginekologiia

|July 23, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Quantitative cardiotocography offers a non-invasive method for fetal surveillance. This computer-based analysis of cardiotocography (CTG) data correlates well with clinical conditions, improving fetal monitoring.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

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Published on: April 11, 2025

Quantitative Autonomic Testing

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Published on: July 19, 2011

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

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Published on: May 23, 2021

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal Medicine
Computational Medicine

Context:

Cardiotocography (CTG) is a standard method for fetal surveillance.
Invasive methods like fetal blood sampling are needed for precise acid-base assessment.
Quantitative cardiotocography (QCTG) offers a non-invasive alternative.

Purpose:

To present the first clinical results of Quantitative cardiotocography (QCTG) in Bulgaria.
To evaluate the correlation between QCTG-predicted fetal pH and clinical conditions.
To assess the efficacy of a novel software solution for fetal surveillance.

Summary:

A software solution implementing Quantitative cardiotocography (QCTG) was used to analyze 1356 CTG recordings.
The method non-invasively calculates fetal blood pH based on CTG features.
Early results show a good correlation between abnormal QCTG findings and clinical conditions such as preeclampsia and placental abruption.

Impact:

Quantitative appraisal of CTG findings enhances interpretation accuracy.
This method promises higher quality fetal surveillance during pregnancy and labor.
Non-invasive prediction of fetal acid-base status can improve clinical decision-making.