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Related Concept Videos

Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
Elastic Collisions: Introduction01:00

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An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...
Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses01:22

Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses

Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
13:02

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

Two-dimensional elastic turbulence.

S Berti1, A Bistagnino, G Boffetta

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|July 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We found evidence of elastic turbulence in a two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow using numerical simulations. This disordered flow regime, characterized by increased drag and mixing, emerges above an elastic instability threshold.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Rheology
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Elastic turbulence is a phenomenon observed in viscoelastic flows.
  • Kolmogorov flow is a model system for studying fluid dynamics.
  • Understanding turbulence in viscoelastic fluids is crucial for various industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of elastic turbulence in a two-dimensional periodic Kolmogorov flow.
  • To analyze the behavior of viscoelastic flow above the elastic instability threshold.
  • To characterize the properties of the elastic turbulent regime.

Main Methods:

  • Direct numerical simulations (DNS) were employed.
  • The Oldroyd-B viscoelastic model was used.
  • Simulations were conducted at very small Reynolds numbers.

Main Results:

  • Numerical evidence for elastic turbulence phenomenology was found.
  • The flow transitions to an elastic turbulent regime above the elastic instability threshold.
  • Turbulent drag and Lyapunov exponent increase with the Weissenberg number, indicating disordered mixing.
  • The energy spectrum exhibits a power-law scaling range.

Conclusions:

  • Elastic turbulence can be numerically observed in a two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow.
  • The Weissenberg number is a key parameter controlling the elastic turbulent regime.
  • The findings align with theoretical and experimental expectations for elastic turbulence.