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Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in the...
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Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
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Aggregate shape is classified based on the relative sharpness or roundness of the edges and corners. This classification includes categories like rounded, angular, elongated, and flaky, each with specific characteristics. Rounded aggregates, fully shaped by attrition, are typical of river or seashore gravel, while angular aggregates, such as crushed rock, have well-defined edges. Aggregates that are elongated and flaky are less desirable, as they can reduce the workability and strength of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
08:58

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

Published on: March 7, 2018

Double power-law in aggregation-chipping processes.

Hiroshi Yamamoto1, Toshiya Ohtsuki, Akihiro Fujihara

  • 1Division of Science, International College of Arts and Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. hirobrd@abox.so-net.ne.jp

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|July 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzes aggregation-chipping processes, revealing a double power-law distribution for cluster sizes over time. The findings detail how clusters evolve and interact in this complex system.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
08:58

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Published on: March 7, 2018

Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture
09:53

Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture

Published on: May 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Complex Systems Modeling
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Aggregation-chipping processes model systems with simultaneous growth and fragmentation.
  • Understanding the temporal evolution of cluster size distributions is crucial for predicting system behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the temporal evolution of the cluster size distribution function P(X,t) in aggregation-chipping models.
  • To identify and characterize power-law behaviors in cluster size distributions.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to study the aggregation-chipping process.
  • Analysis focused on the time dependence of the distribution function P(X,t), particularly P(1,t).

Main Results:

  • The distribution P(1,t) exhibited singular time dependence, proportional to t^(-2/3).
  • A double power-law distribution P(X,t) with universal exponents -5/2 and -3/2 was identified at large times.
  • In finite systems, clusters with the -3/2 exponent eventually formed a single, monopolized cluster.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms a double power-law behavior in aggregation-chipping processes.
  • The identified universal exponents provide insights into the scaling properties of cluster size distributions.
  • The eventual monopolization of clusters in finite systems highlights the long-term dynamics of the model.