Intrinsic and extrinsic noise effects on phase transitions of network models with applications to swarming systems

We analyze order-disorder phase transitions driven by noise that occur in two kinds of network models closely related to the self-propelled model proposed by Vicsek [Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1226 (1995)] to describe the collective motion of groups of organisms. Two different types of noise, which we call intrinsic and extrinsic, are considered. The intrinsic noise, the one used by Vicsek in their original work, is related to the decision mechanism through which the particles update their positions. In contrast, the extrinsic noise, later introduced by Grégoire and Chaté [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 025702 (2004)], affects the signal that the particles receive from the environment. The network models presented here can be considered as mean-field representations of the self-propelled model. We show analytically and numerically that, for these two network models, the phase transitions driven by the intrinsic noise are continuous, whereas the extrinsic noise produces discontinuous phase transitions. This is true even for the small-world topology, which induces strong spatial correlations between the network elements. We also analyze the case where both types of noise are present simultaneously. In this situation, the phase transition can be continuous or discontinuous depending upon the amplitude of each type of noise.