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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

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Published on: January 26, 2014

Steady-state thermodynamics for heat conduction: microscopic derivation.

Teruhisa S Komatsu¹, Naoko Nakagawa, Shin-ichi Sasa

¹Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan.

Physical Review Letters

|July 23, 2008

Summary

Researchers derived new thermodynamic relations for heat conducting systems far from equilibrium. These findings allow experimental measurement of nonequilibrium entropy and unify treatments of thermodynamic forces.

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Area of Science:

Thermodynamics
Statistical Mechanics
Non-equilibrium Physics

Background:

Understanding non-equilibrium steady states is crucial in various scientific fields.
Traditional thermodynamics is limited to equilibrium conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To derive novel thermodynamic relations for heat conducting non-equilibrium steady states.
To provide a framework for experimental determination of non-equilibrium entropy.
To unify the treatment of thermodynamic forces in linear non-equilibrium systems.

Main Methods:

Derivation from microscopic mechanics.
Application of an extended Clausius relation.
Utilizing an extended Gibbs relation.

Main Results:

Established thermodynamic relations for heat conducting non-equilibrium steady states.
Developed a method to experimentally determine non-equilibrium entropy to the second order in heat current.
Proposed a Shannon-like microscopic expression for entropy.
Unified treatment of thermodynamic forces under fixed heat current in the linear regime.

Conclusions:

The extended Clausius relation offers an experimental pathway to quantify non-equilibrium entropy.
The derived relations provide a unified framework for studying non-equilibrium phenomena.
Microscopic insights into entropy are suggested by the Shannon-like expression.