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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
13:01

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells

Published on: June 23, 2014

Polyautoimmunity and familial autoimmunity in systemic sclerosis.

Marie Hudson1, Adriana Rojas-Villarraga, Paola Coral-Alvarado

  • 1SMBD-Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Journal of Autoimmunity
|July 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Polyautoimmunity is common in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, with many experiencing multiple autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune conditions also frequently cluster within families of SSc patients, suggesting shared genetic factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Understanding co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases offers insights into shared pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) provides a model to study polyautoimmunity and familial autoimmunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spectrum of polyautoimmunity and familial autoimmunity in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of SSc patients in Canada and Colombia.
  • Collected data on personal and family history of autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

  • 38% of 719 SSc patients had at least one other autoimmune disease.
  • Autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome were most common.
  • Having a first-degree relative with autoimmunity predicted polyautoimmunity in SSc patients.

Conclusions:

  • Polyautoimmunity is frequent in SSc patients.
  • Autoimmune diseases cluster within families of SSc patients.
  • Shared genetic susceptibility variants may contribute to autoimmune disease risk.