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The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the $2,000...
Schemas01:42

Schemas

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Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

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Unrealistic Optimism Bias

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Making Record-efficiency SnS Solar Cells by Thermal Evaporation and Atomic Layer Deposition
14:01

Making Record-efficiency SnS Solar Cells by Thermal Evaporation and Atomic Layer Deposition

Published on: May 22, 2015

Standard additions: myth and reality.

Stephen L R Ellison1, Michael Thompson

  • 1LGC Ltd, Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex, UK TW11 0LY.

The Analyst
|July 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The standard additions calibration technique can be as precise as external calibration when executed optimally. This analytical chemistry method effectively minimizes rotational matrix effects but requires separate handling for translational matrix effects.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Calibration Techniques

Background:

  • Standard additions is a calibration technique to eliminate rotational matrix effects.
  • Its practical behavior and limitations, particularly translational matrix effects, are not well-documented.
  • Often perceived as less precise than external calibration due to extrapolation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the behavior of standard additions under various conditions using a generalized analytical system model.
  • To address the common misconception regarding the precision of standard additions compared to external calibration.
  • To investigate the impact of optimal execution on the precision of the standard additions method.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a generalized model of an analytical system.
  • Simulated and analyzed the standard additions calibration technique under diverse conditions.

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14:01

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Published on: May 22, 2015

  • Compared the precision of standard additions with external calibration techniques.

    • Main Results:

    • The standard additions method effectively addresses rotational matrix effects.
    • Translational matrix effects represent a key limitation requiring separate management.
    • Optimal execution of standard additions does not result in a significant loss of precision compared to interpolation methods.
    • The precision of standard additions is comparable to external calibration under ideal implementation.

    Conclusions:

    • Standard additions, when optimally performed, offers precision comparable to external calibration.
    • The technique's utility is maximized when translational matrix effects are addressed independently.
    • Further investigation into practical applications and optimal execution parameters is warranted.