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Related Concept Videos

Lifecycle of Erythrocytes01:22

Lifecycle of Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, constantly move through blood capillaries. As a result, they damage their plasma membrane due to the continuous friction. Typically, after 100 to 120 days, erythrocytes become rigid and fragile as they wear out. As they pass through small vessels in the spleen and liver, they can get trapped and break apart into fragments.
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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Functionalization of Ti Implants
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Published on: August 5, 2021

Hemolysis caused by titanium dioxide particles.

Yuji Aisaka1, Rintaro Kawaguchi, Shintaro Watanabe

  • 1Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, Japan.

Inhalation Toxicology
|July 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) particle form significantly impacts red blood cell hemolysis, with anatase being most potent. However, plasma presence in vivo likely prevents significant TiO2-induced red blood cell damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Toxicology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used, necessitating understanding its biological interactions.
  • Hemolysis, or red blood cell rupture, is a key indicator of material cytotoxicity.
  • Particle characteristics like size and crystal form can influence TiO2's biological effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hemolytic potential of different titanium dioxide (TiO2) particle forms and sizes.
  • To assess the influence of plasma on TiO2-induced red blood cell damage.
  • To evaluate the in vivo relevance of TiO2's hemolytic effects.

Main Methods:

  • Human erythrocytes were incubated with various TiO2 particles (anatase, amorphous, rutile) at 37°C.
  • Hemolysis was quantified by measuring hemoglobin release (OD540).
  • Dose-response curves were analyzed, and plasma's effect was evaluated.

Main Results:

  • The anatase polymorph of TiO2 exhibited significantly higher hemolytic potency compared to amorphous and rutile forms.
  • Micron-scale and nano-scale anatase particles showed comparable hemolytic potency.
  • Plasma effectively inhibited TiO2-induced hemolysis for both anatase and rutile forms.

Conclusions:

  • TiO2's hemolytic effects are primarily dependent on its crystalline polymorph, not particle size (nano- vs. micron-scale).
  • The presence of plasma in biological systems is likely to mitigate TiO2-induced hemolysis.
  • In vivo hemolytic toxicity from TiO2 particles is improbable due to plasma's protective role.