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Re-excretion of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens induced by cyclosporin

P S Bhattacharjee1, S D Carter, C E Savage

  • 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Field Station, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, UK.

Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A
|September 1, 1995
PubMed

Insights

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) can persist long-term in chickens. T lymphocytes appear to control this persistent IBV infection, as immunosuppression led to virus re-excretion.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Avian Pathology

Background:

  • Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a significant pathogen in poultry.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of persistent IBV infections is crucial for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term persistence of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens.
  • To determine the role of T lymphocytes in controlling persistent IBV infections.

Main Methods:

  • Chicks were inoculated with IBV (Moroccan strain 'G').
  • Virus shedding was monitored from trachea and cloaca.
  • T-cell function was suppressed using cyclosporin at 12.5 weeks of age.
  • Virus re-excretion and IBV-specific IgM were assessed.

Main Results:

  • IBV was detected in the trachea up to 7 days and cloaca up to 35 days post-inoculation.
  • Following cyclosporin treatment, four of five inoculated birds re-excreted IBV erratically.
  • Two of five contact birds also re-excreted IBV after immunosuppression.
  • Re-excretion was associated with the appearance of IBV-specific IgM.

Conclusions:

  • T lymphocytes play a critical role in controlling persistent infectious bronchitis virus infections in chickens.
  • Immunosuppression can lead to the re-emergence of IBV from persistent infections.

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