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Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
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Intraperitoneal immunization promotes local intestinal immunity in chickens.

W I Muir1, W L Bryden, A J Husband

  • 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Systemic immunization, particularly via the intraperitoneal route, effectively primes chickens for improved intestinal immunity. This approach enhances the mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) response to oral antigens, outperforming traditional oral vaccination methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Traditional oral vaccination strategies often yield limited success in stimulating protective intestinal immunity.
  • Systemic immunization routes have shown potential in priming the intestinal lymphoid tissue for enhanced mucosal responses in mammals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of systemic immunization routes in priming the intestinal immune system in chickens.
  • To compare the intestinal IgA response following different immunization strategies, including oral and parenteral routes with various adjuvants.

Main Methods:

  • Chickens were immunized via oral, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal routes using a non-replicating antigen.
  • Different formulations, including oil emulsions (Auspharm adjuvant) and Freund's adjuvant, were tested.
  • The impact of oral boosting and co-administration with Quil A (saponin) was assessed.
  • Intestinal IgA responses were measured to evaluate the effectiveness of each immunization strategy.

Main Results:

  • Oral immunization alone resulted in a minimal intestinal IgA response, even with repeated dosing.
  • Intraperitoneal priming with antigen in Freund's adjuvant or Auspharm adjuvant significantly enhanced the intestinal IgA response.
  • Subsequent oral boosting further improved the immune response.
  • Co-administration of Quil A with the oil emulsion via the intraperitoneal route demonstrated an additional boosting effect.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic immunization, specifically via the intraperitoneal route, is an effective strategy for priming chickens to develop a robust intestinal IgA response.
  • Parenteral immunization, combined with appropriate adjuvants and oral boosting, offers a superior method for enhancing mucosal immunity in poultry compared to oral administration alone.