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Optimized PCR-based Detection of Mycoplasma
06:01

Optimized PCR-based Detection of Mycoplasma

Published on: June 20, 2011

Mycoplasma iowae: a review

A R Al-Ankari1, J M Bradbury

  • 1Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A
|June 1, 1996
PubMed

Insights

Mycoplasma iowae causes significant turkey embryo mortality and has unique antimicrobial resistance. Eradication involves egg treatment, progeny monitoring, and hygiene, especially in artificial insemination programs.

Area of Science:

  • Avian microbiology
  • Veterinary immunology
  • Poultry disease

Background:

  • Mycoplasma iowae exhibits distinct characteristics compared to other avian mycoplasmas, including bile salt resistance and gastrointestinal tract preference.
  • Significant antigenic variation exists among strains of Mycoplasma iowae.
  • The primary manifestation in natural infections is late-stage turkey embryo mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the unique properties and pathogenic effects of Mycoplasma iowae in avian species.
  • To review diagnostic approaches and eradication strategies for Mycoplasma iowae infections.
  • To highlight the challenges in controlling Mycoplasma iowae due to its transmission routes and antigenic variation.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasma iowae from various avian hosts.
  • Experimental infection studies in turkeys and chickens to assess pathogenicity.
  • Development and application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection methods.
  • Evaluation of eradication strategies including antimicrobial egg treatment and hygiene protocols.

Main Results:

  • Mycoplasma iowae causes mortality in turkey embryos and experimental infections in chicks and turkey embryos, leading to developmental abnormalities.
  • The organism is egg-transmitted and spreads laterally in turkeys, with mature birds harboring it in reproductive and cloacal tissues.
  • Diagnosis relies on culture, though PCR methods offer improved detection.
  • Eradication efforts in turkey flocks have shown success through combined antimicrobial treatment, monitoring, and strict biosecurity.

Conclusions:

  • Mycoplasma iowae presents unique challenges in avian health due to its distinct biological properties and transmission dynamics.
  • Effective control requires integrated strategies addressing egg transmission, lateral spread, and environmental hygiene.
  • Further research into Mycoplasma iowae pathogenesis and improved diagnostic tools is warranted.

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