Senile scleral plaques: a histopathologic study using energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Pathology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Senile scleral plaques are common age-related findings.
• Their exact pathogenesis and composition remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the histopathologic features and chemical composition of senile scleral plaques.
• To explore potential contributing factors in plaque formation.

Main Methods:

• Review of 21 senile scleral plaques from 17 enucleated human eyes.
• Light microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis of plaque samples.
• Histochemical staining for mineral content.

Main Results:

• Plaques located anterior to horizontal rectus muscle insertions.
• Histologic changes included increased collagen hematoxylinophilia, reduced cellularity, corkscrew fibers, and calcium deposition.
• Energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis confirmed calcium phosphate in calcified plaques.
• Conjunctival elastosis was frequently observed.

Conclusions:

• Senile scleral plaques exhibit distinct histopathologic alterations and are composed of calcium phosphate.
• Accumulated actinic damage from solar irradiation is a potential factor in their pathogenesis.