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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction01:25

Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction

DefinitionDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by a triad of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dL), ketonemia or ketonuria, and metabolic acidosis (arterial pH <7.30 and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L). It results from insulin deficiency combined with elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones—glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone—leading to increased lipolysis, hepatic ketone production, and...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. It results from severe insulin deficiency and an excess of counterregulatory hormones, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis, ketogenesis, and widespread electrolyte and fluid disturbances.Pathophysiology The central event in DKA is a profound loss of insulin action. Without insulin, glucose uptake in insulin-dependent tissues is impaired, while hepatic glucose production...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Factors Affecting &alpha;-Alkylation of Ketones: Choice of Base01:10

Factors Affecting α-Alkylation of Ketones: Choice of Base

α-Alkylation of ketones is achieved in the presence of alkyl halides and a base. The reaction proceeds via the formation of an enolate ion followed by nucleophilic substitution. The choice of base employed is essential as it is the key factor in determining the reaction outcome.
The reaction involving bases like EtO− whose conjugate acid EtOH (pKa = 15.9) is stronger than the ketone (pKa = 19.2) results in an equilibrium mixture with higher ketone concentration. As a consequence, side reactions...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Ear Plaster Therapy as a Safe and Effective Treatment for Gestational Vomiting
05:33

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Published on: August 4, 2023

Interventions for ketosis during labour.

Jocelyn Toohill1, Barbara Soong, Vicki Flenady

  • 1Family, Women's and Children's, Gold Coast Hospital, 108 Nerang Street, Southport, Queensland, Australia, 4219. jocelyn_toohill@health.qld.gov.au

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|July 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ketosis during labor is common but its effects are unclear. This review found no studies on interventions for ketosis, highlighting a need for research on maternal and infant outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Ketosis, characterized by elevated ketone bodies, frequently occurs during labor due to physical stress and reduced oral intake.
  • The impact of labor ketosis on maternal and infant well-being remains uncertain, leading to varied clinical practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of interventions (intravenous fluids or increased oral intake) for labor ketosis on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.
  • To compare these interventions against no intervention and assess different types of intravenous fluids.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search was conducted across major databases (Cochrane, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL) up to January 2008.
  • Included were randomized trials of additional oral or intravenous fluids for ketosis treatment in labor.
  • Two independent reviewers assessed trial eligibility, but no data was received.

Main Results:

  • Six potentially eligible randomized trials were identified.
  • All identified studies were excluded from the review.
  • Consequently, no trials were included in the final analysis.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant lack of evidence to guide clinical practice regarding the management of ketosis during labor.
  • Further research is crucial to clarify the association between labor ketosis and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Future trials should investigate the effects of various interventions and patient-reported outcomes.