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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
Hallucinogens and Psychedelics01:27

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics

Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)...
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

Cannabis and schizophrenia.

John Rathbone1, Hannele Variend, Hetal Mehta

  • 1Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, University of Nottingham, Duncan MacMillan House, Portchester Road, Nottingham, UK, NG3 6AA. John.Rathbone@nottingham.ac.uk

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|July 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cannabis use in schizophrenia remains unclear, with one study finding no significant differences in outcomes between cannabis intervention and standard care. More research is needed to determine the effects of cannabinoids on schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder often co-occurring with cannabis use.
  • The impact of cannabis on schizophrenia symptoms and progression is not well understood.
  • Existing research presents conflicting findings regarding the relationship between cannabis and schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the effects of cannabis use in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials examining cannabinoid interventions for schizophrenia.
  • To identify potential benefits or harms associated with cannabis use in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of major databases including BIOSIS, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO.
  • Inclusion of all randomized trials investigating cannabinoids in patients with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses.
  • Independent data extraction and statistical analysis using fixed-effects models for dichotomous (relative risks) and continuous (weighted mean differences) outcomes.

Main Results:

  • One randomized trial met the inclusion criteria, involving 47 participants.
  • No statistically significant differences were observed in cannabis use, symptom severity (BPRS-extended scale), or social functioning between the cannabis intervention group and the control group at three and nine months.
  • Confidence intervals for all measured outcomes were wide, indicating substantial uncertainty in the findings.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence is insufficient to either support or refute the use of cannabis or cannabinoid compounds for individuals with schizophrenia.
  • There is a critical need for well-designed, rigorously conducted, and transparently reported clinical trials to clarify the role of cannabis-based compounds in schizophrenia management.
  • Further research should focus on specific cannabinoid formulations, dosages, and patient populations to provide definitive answers.