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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Published on: September 20, 2024

[Hapten immunoassays: current status and future prospect].

Norihiro Kobayashi¹

¹Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan.

Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology

|July 24, 2008

Summary

Hapten immunoassays enable sensitive and specific trace characterization of low molecular weight substances in biomedical analysis. Ongoing research focuses on enhancing assay performance and expanding applications for these vital analytical tools.

Area of Science:

Biomedical analysis
Analytical chemistry
Immunochemistry

Context:

Trace characterization of low molecular weight, physiologically active substances is crucial in biomedical analysis.
Haptens, such as steroids, prostaglandins, catecholamines, and synthetic drugs, require precise quantification.
Immunoassays are the preferred method due to their inherent specificity and sensitivity.

Purpose:

To review the current state of hapten immunoassays.
To discuss the future prospects and ongoing developments in the field.
To highlight advancements in assay performance and application scope.

Summary:

Immunoassays provide highly specific and sensitive methods for trace characterization of haptens.
Established technical foundations support practical assay systems.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

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Current research aims to further improve assay performance and broaden their applicability.

Impact:

Facilitates accurate diagnosis and monitoring of various physiological and pathological conditions.
Enables the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Advances the field of trace substance analysis in complex biological matrices.