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ABO, D blood typing and subtyping using plug-based microfluidics.

Timothy R Kline1, Matthew K Runyon, Mohammad Pothiawala

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|July 24, 2008
PubMed
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This study introduces a microfluidic device for rapid blood typing and agglutination assays using minimal blood. The technology enables parallel testing, accurate blood group determination, and bacterial detection for point-of-care applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microfluidics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Agglutination assays are crucial for blood typing and disease detection.
  • Traditional methods can be time-consuming and require larger sample volumes.
  • Microfluidic platforms offer potential for miniaturization and increased efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a plug-based microfluidic system for parallel agglutination assays.
  • To demonstrate its utility in blood typing (ABO, D, and A subtypes) and bacterial detection.
  • To enhance assay speed, control, and reduce sample consumption.

Main Methods:

  • A microfluidic device was designed to generate 30-40 nL droplets of blood cells, antibodies, and buffer in a carrier fluid.
  • Parallel agglutination assays were performed on-chip, including ABO/D typing and A subtyping using lectin-based assays.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Agglutination avidity was analyzed as a function of shear rate to characterize rare blood subtypes and detect bacteria.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful parallel ABO and D (Rh) blood typing and A subtyping were achieved without cross-contamination.
    • Distinguished common A1 and A2 red blood cells (RBCs) and characterized rare, weakly agglutinating RBC subtypes.
    • Demonstrated bacterial detection, indicating potential for sepsis diagnostics and viral detection.

    Conclusions:

    • The plug-based microfluidic approach enables rapid, precise, and low-volume agglutination assays.
    • This technology advances point-of-care diagnostics, newborn blood typing, and assays in small model organisms.
    • The platform's flexibility supports diverse agglutination-based diagnostic applications.