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Related Concept Videos

Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback01:24

Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback

Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem: self-efficacy,...
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Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

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Self-Efficacy01:29

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Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes
05:12

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

Path analysis of self-efficacy and diving performance revisited.

Deborah L Feltz1, Graig M Chow, Teri J Hepler

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology
|July 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study reanalyzed diving performance data, finding that self-efficacy is a stronger predictor than past performance when statistical methods account for their overlap. Residualized models reveal self-efficacy

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Area of Science:

  • Sport Psychology
  • Motor Learning
  • Quantitative Psychology

Background:

  • Feltz (1982) found past performance predicted diving performance more than self-efficacy.
  • Bandura (1997) criticized Feltz's study for statistical overcontrol, suggesting residualization methods.
  • A controversy exists regarding the accurate statistical modeling of self-efficacy and past performance relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the statistical controversy surrounding the prediction of performance by self-efficacy and past performance.
  • To reanalyze the Feltz (1982) dataset using alternative statistical approaches.
  • To clarify the relative predictive power of self-efficacy versus past performance in motor tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalysis of the Feltz (1982) diving data.
  • Comparison of three statistical models: raw past performance, residual past performance, and a dual residualization method.
  • Path analysis incorporating self-efficacy and past performance as predictors.

Main Results:

  • Self-efficacy emerged as a stronger predictor of performance in both residualized models compared to the raw past performance model.
  • The influence of past performance on subsequent performance was diminished when using residualized statistical methods.
  • Statistical control for shared variance between self-efficacy and past performance alters their predictive significance.

Conclusions:

  • Residualization techniques provide a more accurate assessment of self-efficacy's predictive role in performance.
  • The findings support Bandura's critique and suggest self-efficacy is a more potent predictor than initially indicated.
  • Appropriate statistical modeling is crucial for understanding the complex interplay between self-efficacy, past performance, and future performance.