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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Microbes and Methanogenesis01:26

Microbes and Methanogenesis

Methanogenesis is a critical microbial process in anaerobic ecosystems responsible for the biological production of methane, a potent greenhouse gas and valuable biofuel. This metabolic pathway is primarily facilitated by methanogenic archaea, which thrive in anoxic environments such as wetlands, sediments, and animal gastrointestinal tracts. The absence of oxygen in these habitats prevents aerobic respiration, thereby favoring alternative biochemical pathways for organic matter degradation.In...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light
07:08

CO2 Photoreduction to CH4 Performance Under Concentrating Solar Light

Published on: June 12, 2019

Photocatalytic conversion of methane.

Leny Yuliati1, Hisao Yoshida

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.

Chemical Society Reviews
|July 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Converting stable methane to valuable chemicals and hydrogen is challenging due to high energy demands. Photocatalysis offers a promising solution to overcome these thermodynamic barriers in methane conversion processes.

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Photocatalysis
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Methane conversion into valuable chemicals and hydrogen is crucial for energy and chemical industries.
  • The high stability of methane necessitates significant energy input for its conversion, posing an economic and environmental challenge.
  • Traditional methods often struggle to overcome the thermodynamic barriers efficiently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of methane conversion techniques.
  • To highlight recent advancements in photocatalytic methane conversion.
  • To discuss specific photocatalytic applications like methane coupling and reactions with other molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on methane conversion.

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  • Focus on photocatalytic strategies and mechanisms.
  • Analysis of different photocatalytic reaction pathways, including coupling and co-conversion.

    • Main Results:

    • Photocatalysis emerges as a viable strategy to reduce the energy barrier for methane conversion.
    • Significant progress has been made in developing photocatalysts for methane activation.
    • Demonstrated success in methane coupling and conversion with other molecules using photocatalysis.

    Conclusions:

    • Photocatalysis presents a promising pathway for efficient and sustainable methane conversion.
    • Further research into novel photocatalyst design and reaction engineering is warranted.
    • This approach holds potential for cleaner fuel production and chemical synthesis.