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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

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High-Resolution Fluorespirometry to Assess Dynamic Changes in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Human Immune Cells
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High-Resolution Fluorespirometry to Assess Dynamic Changes in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Human Immune Cells

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Polymorphonuclear cell-mediated oxidative responsiveness in the elderly.

C Tortorella1, E Jirillo, S Antonaci

  • 1Immunologia, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, 1-70124 Bari, Italy.

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging impairs polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) oxidative responses, particularly those triggered by formyl peptide (FMLP). This selective dysfunction in the elderly may involve membrane changes and reduced receptor expression, impacting immune defense.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Free radicals and toxic oxygen metabolites contribute to aging pathogenesis.
  • Activated polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) release oxidants, potentially increasing with age.
  • Age-related decline in PMN function is a growing concern in geriatric health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms behind age-related impairment in PMN oxidative burst.
  • To differentiate between general PMN dysfunction and specific deficits in aging individuals.
  • To explore the role of membrane properties, receptor expression, and cell adhesion in PMN aging.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing PMN superoxide anion (O(2)()) generation in response to formyl peptide (FMLP) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA).
  • Evaluating the impact of membrane microviscosity and cytoskeleton on FMLP receptor expression.
  • Examining the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-priming on PMN oxidative response.
  • Analyzing beta(2) integrin-dependent PMN adhesiveness and O(2)() production in aged cells.

Main Results:

  • PMN oxidative response to FMLP is impaired with age, unlike PMA-induced responses.
  • Reduced membrane microviscosity and decreased FMLP receptor expression are implicated in this deficit.
  • LPS-priming does not fully restore FMLP-induced PMN oxidative response.
  • While PMN adhesiveness shows age-related defects, adherent aged cells exhibit increased O(2)() production, suggesting prolonged release.

Conclusions:

  • Aging leads to a selective dysfunction in the oxidative metabolism of PMNs.
  • Mechanisms include altered membrane properties and reduced FMLP receptor expression.
  • These age-related PMN deficits may impact immune surveillance and response to infections in the elderly.