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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

Predictive coding explains binocular rivalry: an epistemological review.

Jakob Hohwy1, Andreas Roepstorff, Karl Friston

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Monash University, Australia. Jakob.Hohwy@arts.monash.edu.au

Cognition
|July 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Binocular rivalry, where perception alternates between different visual inputs, is explained by a Bayesian framework. This model suggests rivalry arises from competing environmental hypotheses and prediction errors, reconciling diverse findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Perception

Background:

  • Binocular rivalry involves alternating perception when eyes receive different stimuli.
  • Existing models struggle to reconcile psychophysical and neurophysiological findings.
  • The underlying mechanisms and evolutionary purpose of rivalry remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a unified framework for understanding binocular rivalry.
  • To explain rivalry using principles of probabilistic unconscious perceptual inference.
  • To reconcile disparate experimental findings within a single theoretical model.

Main Methods:

  • Review of psychophysical and neurophysiological studies on binocular rivalry.
  • Development of an empirical Bayesian framework.
  • Implementation of the framework using predictive coding principles.

Main Results:

  • The Bayesian predictive coding framework explains stimulus selection and alternation in rivalry.
  • Rivalry occurs when no single environmental hypothesis has high likelihood and prior probability.
  • Dominant stimuli are 'explained away,' while suppressed stimuli generate prediction errors.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework offers a principled explanation for binocular rivalry.
  • It reconciles diverse findings by modeling the brain as an inference engine.
  • This approach highlights the role of prediction errors in perceptual dynamics and rivalry.