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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Assessment of Long-term Depression Induction in Adult Cerebellar Slices
09:30

Assessment of Long-term Depression Induction in Adult Cerebellar Slices

Published on: October 16, 2019

Learning-specific changes in long-term depression in adult perirhinal cortex.

Peter V Massey1, Daniel Phythian, Katherine Narduzzo

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Medical Research Council Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|July 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Learning involves more than just strengthening synapses; it also affects mechanisms that weaken them. This study reveals that certain learning experiences prevent synaptic weakening (long-term depression and depotentiation), suggesting a generalized change in brain plasticity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Learning is traditionally linked to synaptic plasticity, particularly long-term potentiation (LTP).
  • The roles of other plasticity mechanisms, like long-term depression (LTD) and depotentiation, in learning remain less understood.
  • The perirhinal cortex is crucial for specific forms of learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of LTD and depotentiation in learning processes.
  • To compare the effects of different learning types on synaptic plasticity within the perirhinal cortex.
  • To determine if learning induces synapse-specific changes or generalized alterations in plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the perirhinal cortex, known for its role in learning.
  • Compared the effects of multiple-exposure learning versus single-exposure learning in vivo.
  • Assessed the subsequent induction of LTD, depotentiation, and LTP in perirhinal cortex slices in vitro.
  • Investigated the role of muscarinic receptors in observed plasticity changes.

Main Results:

  • Multiple-exposure learning, unlike single-exposure learning, prevented the in vitro induction of LTD and depotentiation in the perirhinal cortex.
  • This effect was dependent on muscarinic receptor activity.
  • Long-term potentiation (LTP) induction remained unaffected by either learning type.
  • The findings suggest the observed changes are not due to synapse-specific memory encoding.

Conclusions:

  • Learning induces a generalized change in plasticity gain, rather than solely synapse-specific modifications.
  • The prevention of LTD and depotentiation indicates a broader regulatory mechanism in learning.
  • This generalized plasticity change is crucial for understanding how synaptic mechanisms support learning and memory formation.