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Arteries of Lower Limbs

Arteries of Lower Limbs

The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular artery,...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

Veins of Lower Limbs

Veins of Lower Limbs

The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the knee,...

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Vascularized Composite Upper Limb Allograft Harvesting for Proximal Arm Allotransplantation

Vascularized Composite Upper Limb Allograft Harvesting for Proximal Arm Allotransplantation

Published on: June 13, 2025

Two faces of major lower limb amputations.

B Paudel¹, B K Shrestha, A K Banskota

¹Orthopaedic Department, Hospital and Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children, Banepa, Nepal. drbyapak@info.com.np

Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ)

|July 25, 2008

Summary

Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of lower limb amputations in adults, while postburn contractures lead to amputations in children. Effective prosthetic rehabilitation is needed for adults, though children fare better.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Vascularized Composite Upper Limb Allograft Harvesting for Proximal Arm Allotransplantation

Vascularized Composite Upper Limb Allograft Harvesting for Proximal Arm Allotransplantation

Published on: June 13, 2025

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Rehabilitation Medicine
Public Health

Background:

Major lower limb amputations are a significant concern in both adult and pediatric populations.
Understanding the specific indications and outcomes is crucial for improving patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the indications for major lower limb amputations in adults and children.
To compare prosthetic rehabilitation experiences with published data.

Main Methods:

Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing amputation between 1997-2004.
Data collected from B&B Hospital (BBH) and Hospital and Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children (HRDC).
Major amputation defined as amputation at or proximal to the wrist and ankle.

Main Results:

Lower limb amputations comprised 73.58% of all major amputations at BBH and 97.77% at HRDC.
Road traffic accidents were the primary cause in adults (74.29%).
In children, postburn contractures (29.54%), congenital limb conditions (22.72%), and spina bifida (20.45%) were leading causes. Prosthetic fitting was unsatisfactory in adults but successful for all children at HRDC.

Conclusions:

The primary causes of major lower limb amputations are largely preventable through safety measures and awareness programs.
An effective prosthetic fitting center for adults is urgently needed.
Pediatric prosthetic rehabilitation outcomes were more favorable than in adults.