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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Hydrolysis

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Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release
08:39

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release

Published on: July 4, 2017

Ion-sensitive "isothermal" responsive polymers prepared in water.

Johannes Pall Magnusson1, Adnan Khan, George Pasparakis

  • 1School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Responsive polymers were synthesized in water, showing tunable temperature and salt-dependent behavior. A hybrid block copolymer formed micelles that released drugs upon addition of specific salts.

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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability
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Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release
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Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release

Published on: July 4, 2017

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

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Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability
09:09

Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability

Published on: February 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing stimuli-responsive polymers is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Controlling polymer behavior in aqueous solutions under various conditions remains a challenge.
  • Ion-sensitive polymers offer potential for targeted drug delivery and sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize ion-sensitive polymers under fully aqueous conditions.
  • To investigate the influence of comonomer content and sequence on polymer solution behavior.
  • To explore the self-assembly and drug release capabilities of a hybrid block copolymer.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled radical polymerization in aqueous media.
  • Tuning comonomer composition and sequence.
  • Cloud-point measurements with varying temperatures and Hofmeister series salts.
  • Characterization of micelle formation and drug release kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Polymers exhibited significant temperature and salt-dependent solution behavior.
  • Cloud-points shifted by +/-40°C with the addition of Hofmeister salts.
  • A hybrid block copolymer formed stable micelle-like assemblies.
  • These assemblies demonstrated a burst release of an encapsulated model drug upon addition of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4).

Conclusions:

  • Aqueous synthesis of ion-sensitive polymers is feasible using controlled radical polymerization.
  • Polymer solution behavior can be precisely tuned by comonomer content and sequence.
  • Hybrid block copolymers can form responsive assemblies for controlled drug delivery applications.