Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
Vicinal Diols via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: Pinacol Coupling Overview01:27

Vicinal Diols via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: Pinacol Coupling Overview

Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig discovered the pinacol coupling reaction in 1859. It is a radical dimerization reaction and involves the reductive coupling of aldehydes or ketones in the presence of hydrocarbon solvent to yield vicinal diols.
Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Weak Bases01:14

Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Weak Bases

This lesson deals with the crossed aldol reaction using weak bases. The self-condensation of an aldehyde having α hydrogen is prevented by adding it slowly to a mixture of formaldehyde and weak bases like hydroxide and alkoxide. Upon slow addition of the aldehyde, the base deprotonates the α carbon of the aldehyde to form the corresponding enolate. The enolate subsequently attacks the formaldehyde to form a single crossed product. Figure 1 depicts the aforementioned reaction.
Electrochemical Cells01:28

Electrochemical Cells

Electrochemical cells are systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes in contact with an electrolyte, where redox reactions enable electron transfer. Most electrochemical cells include two half-cells connected by an external wire for electron flow and a salt bridge for ion flow. The salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution and maintains charge neutrality by allowing ions—not electrons—to...
Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction01:08

Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction

As depicted in Figure 1, base-catalyzed aldol addition involves adding two carbonyl compounds in aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transient appearance of honeycomb sign: a prenatal finding of intestinal malrotation without volvulus.

Journal of medical ultrasonics (2001)·2025
Same author

Exposure assessment of ochratoxin a using paired serum and 24-hour pooled urine samples from Japanese adults.

Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment·2025
Same author

Facile synthesis of R<sub>4</sub>NF(HFIP)<sub>3</sub> complexes from KF and their application to electrochemical fluorination.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Quantitative Generation of HF from KF and Formation of Amine-3HF Complexes by Using Cation Exchange Reaction Between KF and Amberlyst 15DRY.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

2 kDa Hyaluronic Acid Reduces Blemishes and Sagging in Human Facial Skin.

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology·2025
Same author

Determination of skin-insect repellent icaridin and DEET in human urine using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a sample of Japanese adults.

Environmental health and preventive medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Kolbe carbon-carbon coupling electrosynthesis using solid-supported bases.

Hitoshi Kurihara1, Toshio Fuchigami, Toshiki Tajima

  • 1Department of Electronic Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
|July 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new electrolytic system enables Kolbe electrolysis for carbon-carbon coupling using carboxylic acids and solid-supported bases. This method efficiently produces homocoupling products from various carboxylic acids.

More Related Videos

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Synthetic Methodology

Background:

  • The Kolbe electrolysis is a classic method for carbon-carbon bond formation.
  • Traditional Kolbe electrolysis often requires specific conditions and can have limitations in substrate scope.
  • Developing efficient and versatile electrosynthetic methods is crucial for sustainable chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel and improved electrolytic system for Kolbe electrosynthesis.
  • To facilitate carbon-carbon coupling reactions using carboxylic acids as substrates.
  • To achieve efficient homocoupling of various carboxylic acids.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new electrolytic system utilizing the acid-base reaction between carboxylic acids and solid-supported bases.
  • Application of the developed system to perform Kolbe electrolysis on a range of carboxylic acid substrates.
  • Optimization of reaction conditions for efficient electrosynthesis.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of the novel electrolytic system for Kolbe electrolysis.
  • Demonstration of the system's effectiveness with diverse carboxylic acid substrates.
  • Achieved moderate to excellent yields of the corresponding homocoupling products.

Conclusions:

  • The novel electrolytic system provides an effective platform for Kolbe carbon-carbon coupling.
  • This approach offers a versatile and efficient method for synthesizing homocoupled products from carboxylic acids.
  • The developed system advances the field of electrosynthesis and green chemistry.