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Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

Humoral Immune Responses

Humoral Immune Responses

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...

Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI

Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI

Published on: November 1, 2014

Immunodeficiency disorders in horses.

Mark V Crisman¹, W Kent Scarratt

¹Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. farmuse@vt.edu

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice

|July 26, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This article discusses primary (genetic) and secondary (acquired) immunodeficiencies in horses. Recognizing these conditions is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment in equine practice.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Immunology
Equine Health

Background:

Immunodeficiencies in horses are classified as primary (genetic) or secondary (acquired).
Primary immunodeficiencies are rare but pose diagnostic challenges if unrecognized.
Secondary immunodeficiencies, such as failure of passive transfer in foals, are common.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of clinical signs associated with equine immunodeficiencies.
To outline diagnostic approaches for primary and secondary immunodeficiencies in horses.
To enhance practitioner recognition and management of these disorders.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on equine immunodeficiencies.
Synthesis of information on clinical presentations.
Compilation of diagnostic strategies.

Main Results:

Equine immunodeficiencies manifest through various clinical signs.
Diagnostic methods vary depending on whether the immunodeficiency is primary or secondary.
Failure of passive transfer is a key secondary immunodeficiency in foals.

Conclusions:

Accurate identification of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies is vital for horses.
Understanding clinical signs and diagnostic tools aids in managing these challenging conditions.
This overview supports equine practitioners in diagnosing and treating immunodeficient horses.