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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

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Related Experiment Videos

Thyroid function in healthy centenarians.

D Maugeri1, M S Russo, F Di Stefano

  • 1Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Catania, via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy.

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
|July 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthy centenarians exhibit normal thyroid function, with reduced total T4 (TT4) levels potentially due to lower tissue demand, not just thyroid involution. These individuals appear to be adapted euthyroid subjects.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone levels and function in extreme aging (centenarians) are not well-characterized.
  • Understanding thyroid status in centenarians is crucial for assessing health and adaptation in advanced age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the thyroid function status in a cohort of healthy centenarians.
  • To identify any significant deviations in key thyroid parameters in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed seven thyroid function parameters: total T3 (TT3), total T4 (TT4), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), TSH, TGAb, and TMAb.
  • Studied a series of 20 healthy individuals aged 100 years or older.

Main Results:

  • All thyroid function parameters were within the normal range for most centenarians.
  • A notable exception was reduced total T4 (TT4) levels observed in 60% of the participants.
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and antibody levels were generally normal, suggesting no overt thyroid disease.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone production may decrease in advanced age, but this is likely influenced by reduced tissue demand rather than solely thyroid gland involution.
  • Centenarians appear to maintain an adapted euthyroid state with low, yet adequate, circulating thyroid hormone levels.
  • These findings suggest a unique physiological adaptation of thyroid hormone regulation in extreme longevity.