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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

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Gender differences in health among the Japanese elderly.

N Krause¹, J Liang, A Jain

¹Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA. nkrause@umich.edu

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

|July 26, 2008

Summary

Older women report more functional disability and poorer overall health than men. However, differences in specific acute and chronic illnesses between genders were not consistently observed in this Japanese study.

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Public Health
Sociology of Health and Illness

Background:

Traditional beliefs suggest women have more physical health issues than men.
Recent evidence prompts a re-evaluation of gender disparities in health.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate gender differences in health among older adults in Japan.
To examine how different health measures reveal or obscure these differences.

Main Methods:

Analysis of a broad range of health measures in a culturally diverse population.
Comparison of health status between elderly men and women in Japan.

Main Results:

Elderly women report higher rates of functional disability compared to men.
Women perceive their overall health less favorably than men.
No consistent gender differences were found for specific acute and chronic health conditions.

Conclusions:

Gender differences in health exist but are dependent on the specific health metric used.
Functional disability and self-rated health show a female disadvantage in older Japanese adults.
Morbidity patterns for specific illnesses do not consistently favor one gender over the other.