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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

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Trans-natural antisense transcripts including noncoding RNAs in 10 species: implications for expression regulation.

Jiong-Tang Li1, Yong Zhang, Lei Kong

  • 1Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.

Nucleic Acids Research
|July 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Long trans-sense/antisense pairs (trans-SAs) were identified in humans and other animals, revealing their potential regulatory roles. These findings suggest trans-SAs are crucial for gene regulation, with many involving noncoding RNAs.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Natural antisense transcripts regulate gene expression.
  • Cis-sense/antisense pairs (cis-SAs) are well-studied, but trans-sense/antisense pairs (trans-SAs) in animals remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize long trans-SAs in humans and other animal species.
  • To investigate the potential regulatory functions and evolutionary origins of trans-SAs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to identify trans-SAs across multiple species.
  • Analyzed sequence complementarity, RNA hybridization patterns, and gene ontology enrichment.
  • Examined expression patterns and conservation across species.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous long trans-SAs in human and nine other animal genomes, significantly increasing coverage.
  • Found that 4.13% of transcriptional units (TUs) are involved in trans-SAs, with 2.89% of human TUs implicated.
  • Observed sophisticated RNA-RNA pairing, enrichment in specific functional pathways, concordant/reciprocal expression, and conservation in mice, suggesting regulatory roles.

Conclusions:

  • Trans-SAs play significant regulatory roles in gene expression, particularly involving noncoding RNAs.
  • Identified potential mechanisms for trans-SA evolution, linking them to cis-SAs via paralogues.