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Comparison of Scale in a Photosynthetic Reactor System for Algal Remediation of Wastewater

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Challenges with up-scaling dry sanitation technologies.

J N Bhagwan¹, D Still, C Buckley

¹Water Research Commission, Gezina-0031, Pretoria, South Africa. jayb@wrc.org.za

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research

|July 26, 2008

Summary

South Africa

Area of Science:

Environmental Engineering
Public Health
Sanitation Technology

Background:

The South African government aimed to eradicate sanitation backlogs by 2010.
Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrines were recommended as the minimum sanitation standard.
Rapid scale-up of VIPs and urine diversion technology has presented challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate technical challenges in the widespread implementation of VIP latrines and related sanitation technologies.
To analyze the reasons behind premature system filling and suboptimal fecal breakdown.
To assess the long-term sustainability of sanitation provision in light of field experiences.

Main Methods:

Field observations of installed sanitation systems.
Analysis of fecal decomposition processes in pit latrines.

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Evaluation of drying efficiency under humid conditions.

Main Results:

Observed deviations from designed principles in installed sanitation systems.
Faster-than-expected pit filling rates.
Ineffective anaerobic breakdown of feces and poor drying in humid environments.

Conclusions:

Current implementation practices compromise the effectiveness of VIP latrines.
Suboptimal performance threatens the long-term sustainability of sanitation delivery.
Addressing these technical challenges is crucial for achieving sanitation goals.