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Related Concept Videos

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Nanosponge Tunability in Size and Crosslinking Density
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Nanosponge Tunability in Size and Crosslinking Density

Published on: August 4, 2017

Nanoparticle-mediated cellular response is size-dependent.

Wen Jiang, Betty Y S Kim, James T Rutka

    Nature Nanotechnology
    |July 26, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Antibody-coated nanoparticles, particularly those 40-50 nm in size, actively regulate cell membrane receptor internalization and protein expression. This reveals nanoparticles

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Cellular Biology
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Cellular interactions with nanostructures are crucial for biomedical applications but remain poorly understood at the molecular level.
    • Nanoparticles are widely used in biomedical imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics, often as passive carriers.

    Discussion:

    • Antibody-coated gold and silver nanoparticles modulate membrane receptor internalization and subsequent protein expression.
    • Nanoparticle size significantly influences cellular signaling pathways, affecting basic cell functions like cell death.
    • Specific nanoparticle sizes (40-50 nm) exhibit a pronounced impact on cellular processes.

    Key Insights:

    • Nanoparticles can actively mediate biological effects, not just serve as carriers.
    • Cellular response to nanoparticles is size-dependent, impacting receptor internalization and signaling.
    • 40-50 nm nanoparticles show maximal influence on cell signaling and function.

    Outlook:

    • Findings guide the design of advanced nanoscale delivery and therapeutic systems.
    • This research provides critical insights into nanoparticle-mediated biological effects and potential nanotoxicity.
    • Future nanomedicine design should consider the active role and size-dependent effects of nanoparticles.