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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis.

Anita Raghuwanshi1, Sneha S Joshi, Sylvia Christakos

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|July 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium balance and may protect against multiple sclerosis (MS). Research suggests its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), could prevent MS induction due to its immune-suppressing properties.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Vitamin D is crucial for calcium homeostasis.
  • Emerging research highlights vitamin D's role in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation (breast, prostate).
  • Vitamin D is implicated in protecting against immune-mediated disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), may protect against multiple sclerosis (MS).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on vitamin D, calcium homeostasis, cancer, and immune-mediated disorders.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data correlating sunlight exposure, vitamin D levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D), and MS incidence.
  • Examination of the proposed immunosuppressive actions of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3).

Main Results:

  • Geographic MS incidence increases with decreased sunlight exposure.
  • High serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels correlate with reduced MS risk.
  • The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), exhibits immunosuppressive properties.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D's role extends beyond calcium regulation to potential cancer prevention and immune modulation.
  • Evidence suggests a protective effect of vitamin D against MS, linked to sunlight exposure and serum levels.
  • The immunosuppressive actions of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) present a potential mechanism for preventing MS induction.