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Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: relationship with anxiety and depression
Gülengül Köken1, Mehmet Yilmazer, Emine Cosar
1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. gulengulkoken@yahoo.com
Objective:
To investigate the association between either depression or anxiety early in pregnancy, and nausea and vomiting, in a clinical sample.
Methods:
Anxiety and depression scores of 230 women were investigated by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) were scored by using the Rhode's system. These scores and demographic data were compared and P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
A significant correlation between Rhode's score and both anxiety (r=0.388, P < 0.001) and depression score, (r=0.351, P < 0.001) was found. Gestational age showed and inverse correlation with anxiety scores (P=0.019). There was no significant correlation between demographic data and anxiety/depression scores, or Rhode's scores.
Conclusion:
There is an association between anxiety and depression early in pregnancyand severity of NVP.
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Anxiety: Overview
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
