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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis (PMU) as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis
Published on: December 17, 2021
Malignant uveitis masquerade syndromes
Agnieszka Kubicka-Trzaska1, Bozena Romanowska-Dixon
1Department of Ophthalmology, Clinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Abstract:
The term "Masquerade Syndrome" was first used in ophthalmology in 1967 by Theodore, to describe a case of conjunctival carcinoma that manifested as chronic conjunctivitis. The Uveitis Masquerade Syndromes (UMS) are a group of various ocular diseases that may mimic chronic intraocular inflammation. Many malignant pathologies may result in an appearance masquerading as uveitis. The article reviews most common malignant conditions which may be considered masquerades such as primary intraocular lymphoma, leukemias, uveal melanoma, retinoblastoma, metastatic lesions, and paraneoplastic syndromes, among others. Diagnostic strategies, therapies, and prognosis are also reviewed.
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