Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.Allopatric SpeciationIn allopatric speciation, gene flow between two populations of the same species is prevented by a geographic barrier, like...
Dosage Compensation02:50

Dosage Compensation

In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with  distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of gene duplication, epistasis, recombination and gene conversion on the fixation time of compensatory mutations.

Journal of theoretical biology·2019
Same author

Horizontal Gene Transfer in Five Parasite Plant Species in Orobanchaceae.

Genome biology and evolution·2018
Same author

A model of compensatory molecular evolution involving multiple sites in RNA molecules.

Journal of theoretical biology·2015
Same author

Mixed Mating System Are Regulated by Fecundity in Shorea curtisii (Dipterocarpaceae) as Revealed by Comparison under Different Pollen Limited Conditions.

PloS one·2015
Same author

Population genomics of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

PloS one·2014
Same author

The Rate and Tract Length of Gene Conversion between Duplicated Genes.

Genes·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Compensatory evolution in diploid populations.

Motoshi Ichinose1, Masaru Iizuka, Tomoyuki Kado

  • 1Department of Contemporary Liberal Arts, Junior College, Chikushi Jogakuen University, 2-12-1 Ishizaka, Dazaifu-shi, Fukuoka-ken 818-0192, Japan.

Theoretical Population Biology
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Compensatory mutations, which are harmful alone but beneficial in combination, evolve faster in diploid populations. Dominance effects and gene product interactions significantly influence this evolutionary rate, especially with higher mutation rates.

More Related Videos

Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
05:39

Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: December 2, 2022

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
05:39

Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: December 2, 2022

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Population Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Evolution

Background:

  • Compensatory mutations can be individually deleterious but beneficial in specific combinations.
  • These mutations can occur within a single gene or across multiple genes.
  • Factors like selection dominance and gene product interactions (heterodimers) may influence compensatory evolution rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate compensatory neutral mutation models in diploid populations.
  • To analyze the impact of dominance effects and heterodimer formation on compensatory evolution.
  • To determine the average time until fixation of compensatory mutations under these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of compensatory neutral mutation models.
  • Modeling for diploid populations.
  • Calculation of the average time until fixation for compensatory mutations.

Main Results:

  • Dominance effects and heterodimer formation significantly reduce the fixation time of compensatory mutations, particularly when mutation rates are not low.
  • Compensatory evolution of heterodimers is facilitated when the deleterious effects of single mutants are recessive.
  • Theoretical models provide insights into the dynamics of compensatory mutation fixation.

Conclusions:

  • The rate of compensatory evolution is strongly influenced by dominance and gene product interactions in diploid populations.
  • Recessive deleterious effects of single mutants promote compensatory evolution of heterodimers.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for predicting evolutionary trajectories and the fixation of beneficial mutation combinations.